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Classical Period
1750-1820The Classical period emphasized clarity, balance, and formal structure, moving away from the complexity of the Baroque. It was an era of elegant melodies, clear harmonies, and the development of the symphony, sonata, and string quartet.
Musical Characteristics
- Emphasis on clarity, balance, and symmetry
- Homophonic texture dominant (melody with accompaniment)
- Development of the symphony, sonata, and string quartet
- Gradual dynamic changes (crescendo, decrescendo)
- More varied and contrasted melodies and rhythms
- Aesthetics of naturalness and pleasing simplicity
Key Composers
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756-1791
Prolific and influential composer of symphonies, operas, and concertos
Joseph Haydn
1732-1809
Father of the Symphony and String Quartet
Ludwig van Beethoven
1770-1827
Pivotal figure bridging Classical and Romantic eras
Christoph Willibald Gluck
1714-1787
Opera reformer
Important Musical Forms
SymphonySonataString QuartetConcerto (Solo Concerto)Opera (Opera Buffa, Opera Seria)SerenadeDivertimento
Common Instruments
Fortepiano (early piano)Violin familyClarinet (newly prominent)FluteOboeBassoonFrench HornTrumpetTimpani